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Original Research

Program: Section on Epidemiology, Public Health, and Evidence

P3.G126: Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations among children under 5 years of age

Sunday, September 29, 2024
1:00 PM – 3:00 PM EDT
Location: Poster Hall: Hyatt Regency Orlando, Plaza International Ballroom
Poster Presentations
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly contributed to morbidity and mortality among all people but has had a disproportionally high burden among racial and ethnic minority children. These disparities have been seen in earlier studies done focusing on children older than 5 but scarce in children under 5. This study aims to explore the disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations in children 5 years old or younger in one healthcare system as well as nationwide.

Methods: Data for the study was collected using Epic’s Slicer Dicer data querying tool of our institution Epic electronic health record (EMR) and Epic’s Cosmos Data Repository which is the largest set of aggregated HER data in the US. The data was collected for one year from June 18th, 2022 to June 18th, 2023. The base population included all children five years of old or younger in the pediatric wellness registry (seen in an outpatient primary
care clinic at least twice over the two years). Among the cohort, children who received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine were the numerator. The denominator consisted of children 5 years old or younger in the pediatric wellness registry. Further analyses were done on the vaccinated and total eligible children based on legal sex, race, ethnicity, and age. A similar query was done in Cosmos.

Results: The total number of children vaccinated at our institution over the past year was 1,607/16,315 (10.9%) and 296,784/3,314,203 (8.22%) in Cosmos. Out of the total eligible population, the vaccination coverage was highest in males, Hispanics and Latinos, and Asians in the our hospital data. The vaccination rates have shown a falling trend over the months at our institution and generally over all.

Conclusion: Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities for the COVID-19 vaccination in pediatric patients 5 years old and younger correlate to the studies done among the older children population. Further analysis and research need to be done to address the barriers to pediatric COVID-19 vaccinations. Racial
and ethnic disparities exist in vaccination coverage in children 5 years old and under.