P3.H147: Comparative Analysis of Catch-Up Growth and Influencing Factors in Preterm and Term Small for Gestational Age Infants during the Infancy Period: A Study in India

Background: Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants, characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, often face challenges in achieving optimal growth and development. In the Indian context, where healthcare disparities and socio-economic factors may exacerbate these challenges, understanding the growth trajectory and influencing factors in SGA infants is crucial for effective pediatric care. Therefore, this study aims to assess the growth trajectory of SGA infants, focusing on height, weight, and head circumference, while examining influencing factors and comparing post-natal growth in preterm and term SGA children in India. By doing so, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the factors affecting catch-up growth in this vulnerable population, thus informing strategies for improved pediatric care and interventions.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 15 months in a tertiary care hospital, involving 100 healthy small for gestational age (SGA) babies in India. Follow-up assessments recorded growth characteristics, with data collected through a prescribed case record form. Statistical analysis employed SPSS v25, incorporating descriptive analysis, Pearson Chi-square test, independent 't' test, and one-way ANOVA, with a significance level of P < 0.05. A Multivariate Logistic Regression Model was utilized to identify factors influencing catch-up growth in SGA babies.

Results: The study found that 87.1% of Term SGA and 71.4% of preterm SGA infants exhibited catch-up growth from birth to 15 months, peaking at 6 to 9 months. Term babies with length and weight < -2SDS demonstrated catch-up length by 6 weeks and catch-up weight by 9 months, showing significant differences (P value 0.00). Univariate analysis identified growth influencers (P < 0.05), including exclusive breastfeeding, maternal illness, socioeconomic factors, and recurrent infant illness. Multivariate analysis highlighted medical conditions in mothers and infants, as well as lower socioeconomic status, as factors associated with poor catch-up growth (P < 0.005, 95% CI).

Conclusion: Early interventions are essential for optimal catch-up growth in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants in India. Addressing factors like maternal and infant health, along with socioeconomic conditions, is crucial for promoting healthy growth trajectories. By recognizing the impact of medical conditions and socioeconomic status on growth outcomes, tailored interventions can mitigate disparities in this vulnerable population, emphasizing holistic approaches in pediatric care for their overall well-being.